However, in recent decades, the scope and capability of these enhancements have grown exponentially.
From one perspective, this is the purpose of all technology going back to the wheel or to the first time someone used a rock as a weapon. The idea of enhancing our minds and bodies is nothing new, Garreau notes. The research areas that will deliver us to this exciting-and quite possibly terrifying-future are what Garreau calls the GRIN technologies: genetics, robotics, information, and nanotechnology. American journalist and author Joel Garreau’s non-fiction book Radical Evolution: The Promise and Peril of Enhancing Our Minds, Our Bodies - And What It Means To Be Human (2005) describes various technologies and scenarios that will lead the world into a "posthuman" or "transhuman" future, in which humanity and technology merge to become something beyond human.
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